Degradable plastic particles have entered life

The ubiquitous plastic products facilitate people's lives, but the resulting plastic waste has caused a lot of pollution to the ecological environment. White pollution caused by plastic products, led by plastic bags, is gradually endangering the natural environment and people's normal lives. Plastic is a synthetic polymer chemical product. Most plastics are made of non-renewable petroleum, which is made by polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid. Unlike other garbage, decomposer microorganisms in the environment cannot digest and degrade the chemical bonds that connect monomers in plastics, so they cannot re-decompose them into monomer forms. In other words, once the plastic is synthesized, there is no “turning back”.

To deal with "white pollution", in addition to establishing environmental awareness and reducing the use of disposable plastic products, another important method is to replace ordinary plastics with biodegradable plastics. Degradable plastics can gradually decompose into fragments and eventually degrade completely under the combined action of several days or months of sun, rain, and microorganisms by optimizing the selection of production materials and production processes.

Degradable materials can generally be divided into four categories: photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, photo/biodegradable plastics and water-degradable plastics. Photodegradable plastics are photosensitizers mixed into plastics. Under the action of sunlight, the plastics gradually decompose. But its disadvantage is that the degradation time is affected by sunlight and climate environment, so it cannot be controlled. Biodegradable plastics refer to plastics that can be decomposed into low-molecular compounds by microorganisms that exist in nature, such as bacteria, molds, and algae under certain conditions. Such plastics are convenient for storage and transportation, and have a wide range of applications. Light/biodegradable plastics are plastics that combine the dual characteristics of light-degradable plastics and biodegradable plastics. Water-degradable plastics are plastics that can be dissolved in water because of the addition of water-absorbing substances. With the development of modern biotechnology, biodegradable plastics have become a new hot spot in research and development.

Currently, the biodegradable plastics developed are mainly biopolyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), carbon dioxide copolymer (PPC), etc. Polylactic acid (PLA) is made by polymerization of lactide monomers extracted from plant sugars, which can be completely degraded into water and carbon dioxide under industrial composting. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are aliphatic copolyesters with different structures synthesized by microorganisms through fermentation of various carbon sources. They can not only be used in packaging materials, agricultural films, etc., but also be widely used in medicines, cosmetics, and cosmetics. Animal feed and other fields.

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